COLORECTAL cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally, ranking as the third most common cause of death in males and the second in females. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the estimated incidence is 4.04 per 100,000, with slightly higher rates in men than women.The liver is the most common site for COLORECTAL cancer metastases, with about 50% of patients developing liver metastases during the disease. Multidisciplinary approaches involving COLORECTAL and liver surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and other specialists have become crucial in managing COLORECTAL liver metastases (CRLM).Historically, liver resections began in the late 19th century, with significant advancements including the development of ultrasonic scalpels, preoperative portal vein embolization, and vascular staplers. The understanding of CRLM progression involves mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, leading to uncontrolled cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. Surgical approaches include classical, synchronous, and liver-first strategies. Resectable CRLM typically involves wedge or anatomic resections. For unresectable cases, therapies like radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and hepatic artery infusion could be used. Novel techniques such as two-stage hepatectomy and ALPPS, along with conversion chemotherapy, have improved resection rates and survival outcomes. Finally, the management of CRLM has evolved significantly with advancements in surgical techniques and therapies, emphasizing the need for specialized training and a multidisciplinary approach, particularly in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and histopathological findings of a case of intraocular metastasis due to COLORECTAL adenocarcinoma and to carry out a literature review. Case Report: A 64-year-old man with a history of tumor resection due to infiltrating COLORECTAL adenocarcinoma three years previously sought ophthalmological care because of severe ocular pain without response to medical treatment and progressive vision loss in the left eye. On ultrasonographic examination, there was a heterogeneous intraocular choroidal tumor, which occupied approximately 40% of the vitreous cavity, as well as peritumoral serous retinal detachment. The patient underwent left eyeball enucleation. The histopathological diagnosis was metastatic tubular adenocarcinoma involving the retina and choroid that partially infiltrated the sclera and the proximal optic nerve. Conclusion: The present case highlights a rare pathological entity associated with variable therapeutic schemes and survival times and poor prognosis in patients with metastatic intraocular tumors due to COLORECTAL adenocarcinoma.

There are many pieces of evidence support the effect of cancer stem cells on the initiation and progression of cancer. However, related mechanisms involved in these phenomena are far more complicated to understand. The function of different stemness factorsin cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their complex associations at different levels of cancer have been reported. Therefore, it seems that focusing on one master factor would be more helpful to complete the puzzle of singling pathways in these cells. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) also known as POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1(POU5F1), one of these key pluripotency factors, has important roles in both embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this review, we gathered information about the association of different markers with OCT4 expression in three types of gastrointestinal cancers including esophageal, gastric and COLORECTAL cancers. OCT4 through different signaling pathways has an impact on different processes of gastrointestinal cancers such as proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Based on the literature, OCT4 has great effects on cancer progression at different stages, therefore we suggested it has potential implications in therapeutic options.

Background and Aim: COLORECTAL cancer is a common and lethal disease with 5000 new cases reported each year in Iran. This study was done to estimate the 1, 2-3 and 4-5 year point prevalence of COLORECTAL cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study we studied the follow-up of 2342 patients with COLORECTAL cancer documented in the cancer registry in Iran during a time period of 4 years from March 2001 to March 2005. One-year, 2-3 year and 4-5 year point prevalence were estimated from incidence rates in different years and proportion of patients surviving 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 years after diagnosis. Results: Proportion of cases surviving 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 years from diagnosis were 79.2% , 65.08%, 57.36%, 51.76% and 48.87% respectively. Estimation of prevalence at 1, 2-3 and 4-5 years were 4156, 5715 and 4283 cases, respectively. Cumulative 5 year prevalence was 13954 cases. Conclusion: Estimates of prevalence at 1, 2-3 and 4-5 years are necessary for the evaluation of initial treatment, clinical follow-up and point of cure, and also for identification of patients who need further social support or health care. Therefore 1, 2-3 and 4-5 year point prevalence estimation are necessary in health service planning for cancer management. Background and Aim: COLORECTAL cancer is a common and lethal disease with 5000 new cases reported each year in Iran. This study was done to estimate the 1, 2-3 and 4-5 year point prevalence of COLORECTAL cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study we studied the follow-up of 2342 patients with COLORECTAL cancer documented in the cancer registry in Iran during a time period of 4 years from March 2001 to March 2005. One-year, 2-3 year and 4-5 year point prevalence were estimated from incidence rates in different years and proportion of patients surviving 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 years after diagnosis. Results: Proportion of cases surviving 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 years from diagnosis were 79.2%, 65.08%, 57.36%, 51.76% and 48.87% respectively. Estimation of prevalence at 1, 2-3 and 4-5 years were 4156, 5715 and 4283 cases, respectively. Cumulative 5 year prevalence was 13954 cases. Conclusion: Estimates of prevalence at 1, 2-3 and 4-5 years are necessary for the evaluation of initial treatment, clinical follow-up and point of cure, and also for identification of patients who need further social support or health care. Therefore 1, 2-3 and 4-5 year point prevalence estimation are necessary in health service planning for cancer management. 

Introduction: Multiple synchronous NEOPLASMS were first described in a study by Billroth in 1889. Since then, many researches have been conducted in this field till 1932 when Warren and Gates published their criteria for the diagnosis of two synchronous tumors. Synchronous COLORECTAL and renal blastomas are rare. The number of case reports published so far is relatively small. Case presentation: We report a case of a 63-years old male patient who was admitted to our clinic with symptomatic, histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma located near the anorectal line. Contrast-enhanced CT showed evidence of synchronous lesion in the left kidney area. Laparoscopic left nephrectomy was performed, followed by abdominoperineal resection of the rectum with total mesorectal excision and para-aortic lymph dissection. Both resectates were extracted through the perineal access with no need for additional abdominal incision. No similar case was found in our literature review without using abdominal incision. Conclusion: The simultaneous multi-visceral laparoscopic resection of synchronous NEOPLASMS is a reliable and safe method in certain patients. When performed by an experienced surgical team, the oncological outcomes are comparable to those achieved; using a conventional approach. A specific advantage is that this is a one-stage surgery that provides quick recovery with lower risk of postoperative complications.